An armature generally refers to one of the two principal electrical components of an electromechanical machine - a motor or generator, but may also mean the pole piece of a permanent magnet or electromagnet, or the moving iron part of a solenoid or relay.
The other component is the field winding or field magnet. The role of the "field" component is simply to create a magnetic field for the armature to interact with, so this component can comprise either permanent magnets, or electromagnets formed by a conducting coil.
The armature, in contrast, must carry current so it is always a conductor or a conductive coil, oriented normal to both the field and to the direction of motion, torque (rotating machine), or force (linear machine). The armature's role is two-fold: (a) to carry current crossing the field, thus creating shaft torque (in a rotating machine) or force (in a linear machine), and (b) to generate an electromotive force ("EMF"). In the armature, an electromotive force ("EMF") is created by the relative motion of the armature and the field.
When the machine is acting as a motor, this EMF opposes the armature current, and the armature converts electrical power to mechanical torque (and power, unless the machine is stalled) and transfers it to the load via the shaft. When the machine is acting as a generator, the armature EMF drives the armature current, and shaft mechanical power is converted to electrical power and transferred to the load. (In an induction generator, these distinctions are blurred, since the generated power is drawn from the stator, which would normally be considered the field.)
A growler is used to check the armature for shorts, opens and grounds.
Armature windings are the essential features of electric machines. The field windings are simple arrangements with concentrated cols(i.e coils in which all the turns have tha same magnetic axis). Armature windings on the other hand comprise a set of coils embedded in the slots.
AC Windings:
Ac windings are generally of a 3-phase kind because of the inherent advantages of a 3-phase machine. The armature coils must be connected to yield balanced 3 phase emfs. To begin with the slots around the armature periphery must be divided into phase-bands.
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